"Artificial intelligence Learning"
What is artificial learning ?
One of the most often heard criticisms of AI is that machines cannot be called intelligent until they are able to learn to do new things and to adapt to new situations, rather than simply doing as they are told to do. There can be little question that the ability to adapt to new surroundings and to solve new problems is an important characteristic of intelligent entities. Can we expect to see such abilities in programs?
As thus defined, learning covers a wide range of phenomena. At one end of the spectrum is skill refinement. P16 get better at many tasks simply by practicing. The more you ride a bicycle or play tennis, the better you get At the other end of the spectrum lies knowledge acquisition. As we have seen, many AI programs draw heavily on knowledge as there source of power.
Knowledge is generally acquired through experience.
Knowledge acquisition itself includes many different activities. Simple storing of computed information or rate learning, is the most basic learning activity. Many computer programs, e,g,, database systems, Can be said to “learn” in this sense, although most people would not call such simple storage learning.
However many Artificial Intelligence programs are able to improve their performance substantially through rote-learning techniques and we will look at one example in depth, the checker-playing program of Samuel.
Another form of learning that does involve stimuli from the outside is learning from examples. We often learn to classify things in the world without being given explicit rules. For example, adults can differentiate between cats and dogs, but small children often cannot.
People also learn through their own problem-solving experience. After solving a complex problem, We remember the structure of the problem and the methods we used to solve it.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers have proposed many mechanisms for doing the kinds of learning described above. But keep in mind throughout this discussion that learning is itself a problem-solving process. In fact, it is very difficult to formulate a precise definition of learning that distinguishes it from other problem-solving tasks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers have proposed many mechanisms for doing the kinds of learning described above. But keep in mind throughout this discussion that learning is itself a problem-solving process. In fact, it is very difficult to formulate a precise definition of learning that distinguishes it from other problem-solving tasks.
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